NDM: News values

Galtung and Ruge (1981) defined a set of news values to explain how journalists and editors decided that certain stories and photographs were accepted as newsworthy, while others were not. 

The following list is adapted from their work:

Immediacy: has it happened recently?
Familiarity: is it culturally close to us in Britain?
Amplitude: is it a big event or one which involves large numbers of people?
Frequency: does the event happen fairly regularly?
Unambiguity: is it clear and definite?
Predictability: did we expect it to happen?
Surprise: is it a rare or unexpected event?
Continuity: has this story already been defined as news?
Elite nations and people: which country has the event happened in? Does the story concern well-known people?
Negativity: is it bad news?
Balance: the story may be selected to balance other news, such as a human survival story to balance a number of stories concerning death.

Classwork/Homework

How has new and digital media technology changed Galtung and Ruge’s news values?

How would you update them for 2015?

Immediacy: With technology devices advancing over time, we have changed audiences and news life style as to making news available in many different platforms. This would be on social media or even apps, we can look at news on websites looking for information we want. With this information it comes with different audience interests as to you want sport news you can get that nothing gets missed out.

Familiarity: Audiences have a whole worldwide and mulch-cultural news on the internet. We can look into news whatever we are interested in fashion, sports and music. This is shown in different countries and ways as to being delivered from different countries giving use sources we want and then putting them on social media. News gives a selection where the audience can pick what they want as to not needing to go through the parts they dont find interesting and they can look for there specific parts that relate to them.

 Amplitude: From News being on the internet and online to access, million of people can read them and get the sources they want. The million of people get these sources from either User Generated Content as to whatever they want. Big events would be connected to all people online as to big stories that they find out and it would be come a thread on twitter to facebook groups and it would show the hugeness of a audience.

 Frequency: Updates are always given now if you go on Google and go to what you want to know it updates every time you refresh this would mean by giving different sources and waht they say. This would also work with updates on transport as people use their digital devices to know when the next train or bus is coming it would keep on task if any road have been closed.

 Unambiguity: With news being very good and a big source of information, it can be wrong it can have the wrong details. With how much news there is there can always be mistakes and lies. With journalists it can be right but because we evolved to look at news online some people do blogs or just write a statement on twitter it would go as a thread and people would thing that its true like celebrities who have been said that they passed which they havent. 

 Predictability: News can be predictable because they want a impact in news and we do get the regular news as to someone being arrested or doing something illegal. People are predicted to make a big moral panic of this.

 Surprise: News can be impact by a headline and can be a surprise to people with the right images. Example of this would be audience as to how they create threads and they communicate with other people on there opinions on what they think. There is shown a surprise by people as to the comments and sharing the stories online. However it shows that digital media gives more of a impact on this.

 Continuity: Online news is continued as to the updates happening the audience wanting to know more about whats happening so this would mean that they attracted to this and just leaves news to be wanted more. Example of this would be treading and sharing on twitter and facebook people do that because they want other people to know and get interested therefore making a continuity of people knowing more.

 Elite nations and people: From newspapers they have changed too maybe not having big nation impact to writing about celebrities or sports and its because of what people are interested in. Online newspapers now talk about celebrities like there divorces or something that has upset fans because they want a impact and a story to tell which will get people gripped.

Negativity: In my opinion there will always be bad news at some point because not everyday there is drama. Newspapers or digital news will find anything and this will be the same of celebrities as to finding something dark about them or just making a big headline so they can get there readers. They dont have great news because of the value to as for example they could have good story but bad layout of it and thats because its either online or someone whos not journalist and had experience did it.

Balance: There is need for balance as to showing the good and bad of stories and showing stories like for example good one would be giving information of a accident happening and that it was no one fault as it just happen., However a bad story would be blaming someone who didn't do anything and then making a big deal of it. They dont want to carry out anything in a negative way because they would be making a inncent man look bad if they dont have the facts.

 

James Murdoch reveals Fox planning new bid for full control of Sky

http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/oct/21/james-murdoch-reveals-fox-planning-new-bid-for-full-control-of-sky



James Murdoch is not being happy as he is the chief executive 21st Century FOX as to not having full control on SKY. He believes that all the SKY from different countries in Europe should be one big group and should be controlled by one person. This was because he thought it was not 'optimal' meaning that they would not be a smart move to do if they are separate. Murdoch  tried to seek control then and the rumours are now that FOX might sell its stake in SKY, as it did in relinquishing individual stake in SKY italia and SKY Deutischland. Fox was later waqs forced to give up a £8bn bid for control of SKY in 2011.

1. Rupert Murdoch was going to make a bid to take over Time Warner which would have a made media behemoth of a deal.
2. Lachlan Murdoch is the co-executive chairmen
3.Fox owns 39% of Sky, which last year saw the UK operation pay £6.88bn to buy out its sister operations in Germany and Italy.

In my opinion in simple words its monopoly who can get control of the money for the business and the power. This article is explaining that they want to have full control of the business as all they want is all of SKY and one point Rupert Murdoch made a bid which would take Time Warner being a big media breaking deal. However I believe that this is a way to beat there competition like the BBC and any others, I think its too much for them have power to all one person as it will go down as you need to have people in there countries have control as you know what they like and if this does get controlled one person rating may go down and it will also lead to politics in a way.

Sky Sports blocks BT from expanding international rugby with five-year deal

http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/oct/21/sky-sports-bt-international-rugby-sanzar



Sky Sports extends its deal for 5 years of international rugby meaning that BT sports cant get their hands on it. This would mean deal will stay until 2020 leading another world cup series for SKY, the 150 fixture-a-year deal includes the rugby championship . The reason why SKY does this was because BT had right to the heinekan cup which is big to Europe. In july, the BBC and ITV join each other to make sure that SKY does not win the rights to the six nations.

1.The 150 fixture-a-year deal includes the Rugby Championship, the annual tournament between New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and Argentina, as well as the domestic rugby competitions including Super Rugby, ITM Cup, the Currie Cup and the National Rugby Championship.
2.The deal offers the world best teams
3.150 games a year

In my opinion i believe that SKY is making a smart move as to stopping BT as they bought football Europa league and champions league. This is good that SKY is buying Rugby international because its what everyone really loves as to seeing their country play.  Rugby has got popular as to the nations and would be really good as to the viewer ship would be high and i believe that BBC and ITV should get the six nations as to making it fair also that BT have premiership rugby is good making it even have different type of rugby types making very precise what the audience can want.

NDM News: Citizen journalism

• Examples

In the article it explains one man getting injured in the LA as six days of rioting was happening and when Rodney King just looked outside and got the video camera out he got hit and beaten for no reason and this is an example of citizen journalism or trying to for the first time. Rotherham example would be after this was shown it got on to Prime time news and it showed that people who put this on-line the news would show it. 

Good example would be in 2004 the asian tsunami people with out knowing filmed this when they were in the wreckage and then they put it online where they news would show it on the TV and it was showing people accidentally doing journalism without noticing. Another would be the bombings in London provided another opportunity and it made citizen journalism big in the modern world.  

• Theory (audience reception etc.) 

I would say the action code is a theory I would use because of the people who use digital devices and then to record a big impact media problem online and then news to show this would be probably get people engaging. This is also an enigma code because people wonder why is there footage of a civilian how did the news industry get this and it carrys on by becoming this big story.

This is also Uses and gratification of people wanting the surveillance as to keeping updated on this. This theory goes with audience because they wanting to be updated no matter what they want information and the details. Also its personal relations as to talking and communicating with people and understanding it together as to a way of communication. 

• Benefits to institutions 

This is easy for the institutions because firstly it lets them cut jobs and yes its a disadvantage on the workers its also good because industries can save the money on people who are doing citizen journalism. They are in a way using the citizens for this and getting all there videos from them as to people having high tech digital phones now that can do 4K which is really good quality.

It benefits the institution's because of views and ratings that's what they also want they want daily viewers to increase and they believe if people posting videos footage will attract them the only problem would be if fake but mostly there is also witnesses and evidence. 

• Benefits to audience 

To audience get more footage and realism in the world as to getting actual footage of whats happening as we use to get only described and wouldn't understand. This benefits audience because its from a source which is not the industry that its actually a ordinary person who did the video and it shows the difference between them and the news. Audience use this to communicate together and collaborate with the story and discuss the problems.

• wider issues and debates 

This makes a moral panic that someone actually seeing this that there is a problem going on. the debates would be is it actually true? Do we really believe the source that comes out of a citizen. It can be fake thats true it can be unreliable in a way , the wider issues is that industries think they can cut jobs because of this and its hard for employment as people are doing this which is good but you can keep the journalists it would be good for other stories and also the cut of jobs put people in difficult positions. Censorship has gone ever since citizen journalism as we dont care what is shown any more.

• SHEP

Big stories like 9/11, London bombings and Tsunami have all been shown on people phones and have been recorded by civilians views have been sent out to people or described. In wider context even without video people use to to describe what happen and it would be said in interviews and the moment of what they feel. The importance of citizen journalism is big because we need see different views. 

Next, answer the following questions in the same blogpost:

1) What is meant by the term ‘citizen journalist’?
It is a citizen which takes footage of an event and posts it online and that it is part of a news story which will be an impact of what people want to see. It is the action of the people using there digital device to record or capture the event.
  

2) What was one of the first examples of news being generated by ‘ordinary people’?
 It would be the incident with Rodney king




3) List some of the formats for participation that are now offered by news organisations.
  They offer many ways to look at news such as apps and now on social media. They have websites on the internet and they also have ways to broadcast on the internet. They give photos and videos of what is happening

4) What is one of the main differences between professionally shot footage and that taken first-hand (UGC)?
 Professional shot footage would have the information on there such as the location, time and also the information. The different with first hand it can be blurry and the lighting is not great. Sometimes first hand the information is not correct.

5) What is a gatekeeper?
Is the one who picks news content 


6) How has the role of a gatekeeper changed?
 The role is that the gaterkeeper chooses what can be news and what can not be news it is the use of the point where now in the modern age all the news is on the internet and can find what we want.

7) What is one of the primary concerns held by journalists over the rise of UGC?
 The loss of job, if internet give news from people who find it first hand and develop stories what is the point of journalists to the industry. The big concern is the cut of journalits and how people can tell the news on internet.

Finally, consider the following questions and answer each bullet point in the same blogpost:

What impact is new/digital media having on the following:

• news stories
  The impact of news stories is that there is a large choice and you can have a story on anything you want from crisis to celebrities and it can grow bigger. You get news updates when ever.
• the news agenda (the choice of stories that make up the news)
  This no longer exists as for the internet they can post what ever they want and you can get it in seconds.
• the role of professionals in news
  
  They are dying as to people who do there job on the internet, the only way is either pay wall or cut jobs as it is getting easier to get news and now industries are falling.

Female technology journalists report abuse is still the name of the game

http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/oct/11/female-technology-journalists-abuse-zoe-quinn


This article discusses how women who are going into journalism or working with technology is getting abused and that they are getting worse. It is told by a woman having to change her name on her news stories because of people being rude and calling shouting at them on a phone. 62% said they were getting sexist abuse by men and this still continues in this modern age. Some women in Columbia have left journalism because of the suffering they have in news room and only 35% of women only work in the sector of work.

1.86% believe that women should be fighting this.
2. 31% said it got worse for women
3. 39% are scared of it getting worse

I believe in my opinion this is bad and that women should be fighting with the views in journalism. They should be the ones who are keeping head up and be equal for what men get and the views they have and that no one should arguing with them. I understand the comments as its always go happen but for people to go up journalists and verbally abuse them its not right. This is a big issue because women journalism is god any journalism from people is good as long ass the story is good it shouldnt matter. Women are giving up because of this and if they go it still an effect because they might be actually good.

Sun website traffic slips by 14%

http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/oct/15/sun-website-traffic




In the article it explains that after the transfer window for football all the news website has fell by 11%. This would be because at the time of transfer window it will be the busiest time. All other news websites have been bad but also good as for example the guardian went up by 11% and also the the independent went up by 10%. Worst hit was the daily star which saw average of daily visitors drop by 33%.

1. Sun had 1.1 million readers in September
2. Victim of the slump because of football transfer window.
3. MailOnline 13,365,390 (-2.46%)

   theguardian.com 8,370,243 (+11.28%)

Telegraph 4,419,480 (+0.11%)
Mirror Group Nationals 3,894,176 (-8.77%)

The Independent 2,780,560 (+10.32%)
Express.co.uk 1,213,037 (-0.03%)
The Sun 1,108,861 (-14.04%)
Metro 925,535 (-33.9%)
Dailystar.co.uk 570,609 (-35%)
Evening Standard 410,250 (-3.32%)

In my opinion I believe this is going to happen because of the reason of nothing big happening in the news and the daily readers only stop because the news maybe isn't great or they just find a different source. The different reasons why i believe it will be fine is because after a big story comes people will be checking the news websites and the daily readers will increase then probably decrease after this.

The article, Build The Wall, is available here on the Columbia Journalism Review website.

Your tasks are as follows:

1) Read the article in full.

2) Create a blogpost on your MEST3 Exam Blog called 'Build The Wall analysis'. 

3) Summarise each section in one sentence:

• Section 1 (To all of the bystanders reading this…)
  Explains that the news content on-line should be bought not to be free.
• Section 2 (Truth is, a halting movement toward...)
  Questions if we are losing on good journalism and by how entertainment has made money in the past, however does not make enough money from advertisement.
• Section 3 (Beyond Mr. Sulzberger and Ms. Weymouth…)
  Talks about the wall street and how everyone was distracted by that in 1921, HBO is also explained in it as starting but improving.
• Section 4 (For the industry, it is later than it should be…)
  Gives four scenarios on how Times and post will survive because of its unique and advertisement they have.

4) Summarise David Simon’s overall argument in 250 words.
David Simon's overall argument is explained to be about  online news being free and that there is no money for the industry. He explains why we need the pay wall for news sites as there are good unique news out there but for free where the sites can only make money from the advertisement. He believes that people should pay for this content as to making money for industries. He explains that Times and the post will survive because of the pay wall and the million of suibscirbers they have. He believes thy would be able to survive digitally if the content was put on a pay wall. He uses examples of when in  1995 the internet was just a whisper to him and now it has grown to this global use that everyone needs. His thoughts are to increase the pay rates for the content if paper to make people actually buy this . He believes that it shouldnt be free in the future because of industries and news dying and he believes that you need the news to keep us updated. In the article he exaplins about HBO and how it started bad with its content but it got better and that with the Times and Post that this could happen it gets better. Believes that journalism is dying as to questioning himself as to is there any quality in the written news today? He believes that the revenue is going bad for the news industries and that the paywall will give it a stream that will keep it balance of not making a loss.

5) Read this response to the article by Dave Levy, criticising and disagreeing with David Simon's viewpoint. What references to new and digital media can you find in Levy's response?

6) Finally, what is your own opinion? Do you agree that newspapers need to put online content behind a paywall in order for the journalism industry to survive? Would you be willing to pay for news online? Critical autonomy is the key skill in A2 Media - you need to be able form opinions on these issues.

In my opinion i believe that the response by Dave Levy is correct as to the article being quite dramatic as to relating free news content and relates it to 1921 air ships. This argument is valid as to agreeing with what Dave Levy is saying as for example about how Simon wants unique journalism and thinks its dangered because of that and believes that it should be paid for and not be read if its not a experienced journalist who knows the news. In my opinion i believe that shouldnt be a paywall for news as if it was starting i would say yes but because society has been used to getting their news in a free way it shouldnt be changed. The view Dave Levy trying to say is that News can be created and shared because the use of technology and either way information will get passed. I agree with this because no matter what people will talk about the news and spread it on whats happening. I believe that if had to and when older i would have to pay for the news as i need it to update me in life but there will be websites that will just tell me. In my opinion i beleive journalism wont die because we are all Journalists in a way and we will always tell the news around us and far away from us. Lastly i believe that even if the pay wall comes in they will be people who want a unique and bold story as they believed that if that what people want it shows there is a type of audience who will pay.